Basic Computer Troubleshoot Tricks

How to Reset/reset/Break window 7/8,server2008/R2 Password
Steps:
Restart System and boot from CD ROM.
1.insert windows disk and select repairing.(don’t install)
2.Open Command Pompt(CMD).
Type this Command :
#copy c:windows\system32\cmd.exe c:windows\system32\sethc.exe
Yes/No press Y
Note: in this case C:\”driver letter of system drive” may be change,even D D is install in cdrive so try D:\ ,E:\ etc.
Shortcut Keys:
1.Control.
2.appwiz.cpl
3.firewall.cpl
4.diskmgmt.msc
5.devmgmt.msc
6.Services.msc
7.ctrl+shift+esc – task manager

Window Boot Process:
What is OS?
OS= Device Drivers + Services
Software’s are handing By services.
Daring Boot+ Drivers Load + Services loads in RAM.
Running and silent states:
Everything in running state is RAM Things in hard disks are in silent state.
Boot Process:
The process in which operating system (device drives+ services) is loaded from disk into RAM Memory.
External Force is Required to load OS hard disk  into RAM.
Booting Files(Forces):
Mandatory Files:
1. NTLDR(load Boot in)(this is a kernel of windows)
2. Boot.ini (boot Menu)
3. NTDETECT.COM(after the selection of OS from boot Menu ) Detect all hardware .
Optional Files (in conditional cases)
1. NTBOOTDD.SYS(Only in case of SCSI hard disk)
2. BOOTSECT.DOS (when dual booting with DOS )
Post hardware vs NTDTECT?
What is Dual Boot: Multiple OS on Single HDD
Location of boot Files: Boot Sector.
Location of Boot sector: On hard disk (on any partition of hard disk not 1st mandatory )
First need to place boot sector (boot files) On RAM.
Steps (System Power On):
1.  Post Process_ Power on self-Test for mandatory hardware.(Does not depend upon boot process) depends on Post Process boot Process.
2. BIOS reads Content of MBR.
MBR location? 0 Sector.
Boot Sector Location?
MBR has the address of boot sector.
3. Boot sector from active partition is loaded into memory.
Boot sector location it is not mandatory at the start(starting sector) of hard disk but for MBR.
Active Partition:
The Partition while boot sector is placed.
Services: Automatic4 , Manual 2
Registry : Core Component of OS .All Configuration are save in registry.
Continuously checks During boot Process.
• Resource MAP. Write.
• Services_Read
Registry Parameters on logon time.
Services value..
Interview Questions:

1.what is windows boot process?

The process in which operating system (device drives+ services) is loaded from disk into RAM Memory.
External Force is Required to load OS hard disk  into RAM.
Booting Files(Forces):
Mandatory Files:
1. NTLDR(load Boot in)(this is a kernel of windows)
2. Boot.ini (boot Menu)
3. NTDETECT.COM(after the selection of OS from boot Menu ) Detect all hardware .
Optional Files (in conditional cases)
1. NTBOOTDD.SYS(Only in case of SCSI hard disk)
2. BOOTSECT.DOS (when dual booting with DOS )
Post hardware vs NTDTECT?
What is Dual Boot: Multiple OS on Single HDD
Location of boot Files: Boot Sector.
Location of Boot sector: On hard disk (on any partition of hard disk not 1st mandatory )
First need to place boot sector (boot files) On RAM.
Steps (System Power On):
1.  Post Process_ Power on self-Test for mandatory hardware.(Does not depend upon boot process) depends on Post Process boot Process.
2. BIOS reads Content of MBR.
MBR location? 0 Sector.
Boot Sector Location?
MBR has the address of boot sector.
3. Boot sector from active partition is loaded into memory.
Boot sector location it is not mandatory at the start(starting sector) of hard disk but for MBR.
Active Partition:
The Partition while boot sector is placed.
Services: Automatic4 , Manual 2
Registry : Core Component of OS .All Configuration are save in registry.
Continuously checks During boot Process.
• Resource MAP. Write.
• Services_Read
Registry Parameters on logon time.
Services value..

2.What is MBR

Master Boot Record (MBR):The Master Boot Record (MBR) is the information in the first sector of any hard disk or diskette that identifies how and where an operating system is located so that it can be boot (loaded) into the computer's main storage or random access memory.

3.Location of Boot sector?

The boot sector is a dedicated section of a hard disk or other storage device that contains data used to boot a computer system. It includes the master boot record (MBR), which is accessed during the boot sequence. The boot sector is typicallylocated at the very beginning of a disk, before the first partition.

4.Active Partition?

An active partition is a partition on a hard drive set as the bootable partition that contains the operating system. Only one partition on each hard drive can be set as an active partition or bootable partition.

Windows Advance Start Up Options:

• Start (or restart) your computer.
• Press F8 to invoke the Advanced Boot Optionsmenu.
• Select Repair Your Computer from the list (the first option).
• Use the up and down arrows to navigate menu choices.

Advanced Startup Options (ASO) is a centralized menu of recovery, repair, and troubleshooting tools in Windows 10 and Windows 8. The ASO menu is also sometimes referred to as the Boot Options menu. Advanced Startup Options replaced the System Recovery Options menu available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista.

5.Blue screen Error:

Reason :BSoDs can be caused by poorly written device drivers or malfunctioning hardware, such as faulty memory, power supply issues, overheating of components, or hardware running beyond its specification limits. In the Windows 9x era, incompatible DLLs or bugs in the operating system kernel could also cause BSoDs.

How do I blue screen?

Fixing blue screen using Safe mode

1. Select Troubleshoot on the Choose an option screen.
2. Click on Advanced options.
3. Click on Start Settings.
4. Click the Restart button.
5. After your computer reboots, press F4 or the 4 key to select Enable Safe Mode.